By understanding the relationship between LULC changes, demographic shifts, and water quality in the Hooghly River, the findings can be extrapolated to other regions facing similar challenges. Water pollution caused by changes in LULC and demographic shifts is a global problem that affects water bodies worldwide. The significance of this study goes beyond the local region of the Hooghly River and has implications for an international standard. The study’s results provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in implementing strategies to address the challenges posed by land use changes and population growth. Specifically, the study identified localities in the vicinity of Dakshineshwar, Shibpur, and Garden Reach as particularly vulnerable to water quality deterioration due to LULC changes and population growth. The study highlights the need for sustainable land use practices and improved water management to preserve the river’s ecosystem and maintain water quality. The findings indicate that the expansion of built-up and agricultural lands is causing a reduction in tree cover and water bodies, leading to deteriorating water quality. The research involved collecting water samples from different locations and analyzing them in the laboratory to estimate various parameters. This study examined the impact of land use and land cover changes (LULC) on water quality along the River Hooghly in India. The Ganga River is a major river in India, originating from Gangotri in the north, flowing through five provinces, and discharging into the Bay of Bengal. Additionally, they transport domestic and industrial waste to the sea. Rivers are crucial components of human civilization, as they provide water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use.

Map of chicago and vicinity